gFlashcards

analgesics, antipyretic, small anticoagulation

Short duration B. Serves as a warning C. Subsides as healing occurs D. Autonomic nervous system symptoms frequently present

Manifestations 1) Hypotension, cyanosis, tachycardia 2) Increased venous pressure, loss of consciousness b. Prevention 1) Run fluid through tubing and needle or catheter to force air out before starting infusion 2) When using glass bottle, change bottle before completely empty 3) Very unlikely to occur with a plastic bag c. Management 1) Immediately turn client on left side in Trendelenburg position so air will rise and not enter the pulmonary tract (trapped air will slowly be absorbed) 2) Notify physician. Quickly fatal if no action taken.

Made in the adrenal cortex b. Causes kidney to retain sodium and water and get rid of potassium

Made in the hypothalamus and stored and secreted by the posterior pituitary b. Causes kidney to retain sodium and water

analgesic, antipyretic, anticoagulant, anti-inflammatory

A generalized reaction to contaminated equipment or solutions a. Manifestations 1) Chills and fever 30-60 minutes after start of infusion 2) Flushing, sudden pulse increase 3) Backache, headache 4) Nausea, vomiting 5) Hypotension, vascular collapse, cyanosis b. Management 1) Stop infusion immediately 2) Monitor vital signs 3) Save all equipment for culture

22 - 29 mEq/l

pH 7.35-7.45 2. pCO2 = 35 - 45 3. pO2 = 80 - 100 4. HCO3 = 22 - 26

Immobilized patient at risk for orthostatic hypotension 2. After prolonged period of immobility, gradually sit patient up

caused by poor heart action.- drugs that make heart beat more effectively

Glaucoma and cataracts (lens becomes opaque) occur frequently 2. Presbyopia (farsightedness of aging) occurs in almost all persons as they age Difficulty seeing in dim light due to loss of light responsiveness Presbycussis: progressive hearing loss associated with aging 2. High frequency sounds lost first 3. Sounds may be distorted C. Short term memory loss D. Cardiovascular 1. Arteriosclerosis (Decreased elasticity of heart and arteries) 2. Heart and valves less efficient 3. Increased peripheral resistance 4. Atherosclerosis in some people Decreased height 2 Muscle mass, tone and strength 3. Osteoporosis Decreased renal function a. Decreased glomerular filtration rate b. Decreased renal blood flow, mass and nephrons 2. Decreased bladder muscle and sphincter tone 3. Decreased vaginal secretions 4. Decreased size of testes 5. Decreased in speed and force of ejaculation Decreased motility and secretions 2. Constipation Decreased respiratory muscle tone 2. Decreased lung capacity Slowed nerve conduction 2. Increased reaction time Decrease in number of taste buds 2. Decrease in sense of smell 3. Decreased coordination 4. Decreased equilibrium 5. Decreased production of sweat, sebum and Vitamin D 6. Thinning of skin 7. Loss of hair color, pigment 8. Skin becomes dry and wrinkled 9. Age spots and skin tags common 10. Cold intolerance

Lasts more than 6 months B. Appears to serve no useful purpose C. May persist after injury heals D. No autonomic nervous system symptoms

Extracellular volume excess 1. Causes a. Too many I.V. fluids too quickly b. Decreased kidney or heart function 2. Manifestations a. Cough, dyspnea, rales, tachypnea b. Increased blood pressure c. Increased CVP d. Neck vein distention e. Tachycardia f. Flushed skin g. Pink, frothy sputum 3. Management a. Diuretics: Furosemide (Lasix) b. Restrict fluids c. Digoxin (if cardiac related)

Manifestations 1) Headache, flushed skin, tachycardia 2) Venous distention 3) Increased venous pressure 4) Coughing, dyspnea, cyanosis 5) Pulmonary edema b. Prevention 1) Check for preexisting heart condition 2) Monitor flow rate of solution 3) Place in semi-Fowler's during infusion 4) Monitor elderly and infants very carefully c. Management 1) Slow IV drip rate 2) Put client in semi-Fowler's position

85 - 115 mEq/l

Sheet between patient and cooling blanket b. Prevent skin damage c. Change position frequently d. No shivering: Muscle relaxant may be given if patient shivering

Flush daily with saline or heparin to prevent clots from forming B. Change dressing three times per week C. Check for infection D. Discard 5-10 ml when drawing blood E. In multilumen catheters use ports for designated purpose F. Valsalva's maneuver when removing or changing tubing to prevent air from entering system

apply heat to improve circulation and healing

apply cold to prevent swelling, bleeding and relive pain