Nutrition Ch 14
). when is it
why is it important for the fetus to store adequate iron during gestation?
breast milk is low in iron
what is the safe level of alcohol intake during pregnancy?
zro
one limitation of breast feeding is?
fathers involvement
teratogens
substances that cause birth defects ex. alcohol and frugs
Pregnancy
recommended BMI b/w 19.8 and 26.0kg/m2 and appropriate level of activity
neural tube defects
related to inadequate level of folate affects the embryo in the first few weeks adequate folate (400 ug daily) before conception can reduce the risk
1st trimester
conception to week 13
2nd trimester
week 14-27 continued development of organ systems growth from 3 inches to...
3rd trimester
week 28-40 considerable time of growth fetus gains three-quarters of its weight in this time brain growth also extensive lungs become fully mature a balanced, adequate diet for the mother is essential during this time
zygote
fertilized egg) travels through the fallopian tube and implants in the wall of uterus. development of organs limbs,....
low birth weight
any baby born weighing less than 5.5 lbs more at risk for learning disabilities and death in the first year.
preterm
babies born before 38 weeks and may be low-birth weight babies
small for gestational age
babies born at term but weight less that would be expected
weight during pregnancy
dont gain enough: at risk for low-birth-weight baby too much weight- also risky shoujld not diet during pregnancies
weight gain during pregnancy
18.5-24.9 normal:25-35 lbs
pregnant women should watch for
macro micro fluids
macronutrients
energy: additional 300-450 kcal/day req in 2nd and 3rd trimester nutrient dense foods are essential in order to maintain sufficient nutrients proteins and carbs: 1.1 g/kg/day body weight (~adtl 25 g/) of protein at least 175 g/day of carbohydrates fats: % of energy obtained form fat should not change limit saturated fat; avoid trans fat fat is required by newborn for temperature regulation and as an energy source consume rich sources of docosahexaenoic acid DHA an omega-3
micronutrients
Folate, vitamin b12,c,a,d, calcium, iron, zinc,
Folate********
required for cell division critical in first 28 dys for development of naeural tube 400 ug /d 600 ug/day